#Microbiome

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Can Lack of Sleep Change Your Gut Microbiome?

Sleep loss can alter gut microbial composition, microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory signaling, although findings in humans remain inconsistent. Sleep duration, fragmen...

agronews.com

Can mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria cut fertilizer use?

Review shows mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria help crops take up nutrients, water, and stress resistance.

www.news-medical.net

Stalled gut microbiome development triples risk for type 1 diabetes in children

Type 1 diabetes affects more than 9 million people worldwide, including 1.8 million children and adolescents. While the disease is thought to be driven by complex genetic factors, researchers are also examining the influence of environmental exposures, including how the population of microorganisms living in the gut develops. A new prospective study led by investigators from Mass General Brigham, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that children at high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes whose gut microbiome development plateaued early had about three times the risk of developing the disease compared with children whose microbiomes continued to mature. The study also found that the children's genetics influenced how strongly microbiome maturation was related to disease risk. Their results are published in Nature Metabolism. The disease burden of type 1 diabetes is substantial for children and their families, requiring careful management of insulin, exercise and diet from a very early age." Daniel Wang, MD, ScD, co-corresponding author, associate scientist, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Mass General Brigham Department of Medicine Wang is also an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School and in the Department of Nutrition at Harvard Chan School...

www.nature.com

Gut microbiome maturation in early childhood interacts with host genetics to predict type 1 diabetes risk

To investigate the link between the gut microbiome, host genetics and the development of T1D, we assembled genetic data and longitudinally collected information on microbial profiles, serum islet autoantibodies (IAs) and T1D diagnosis in 887 children from the TEDDY cohort. Participants were enrolled from six clinical centres in Finland, Sweden, Germany and three US states: Washington, Georgia/Florida and Colorado (Methods and Fig. 1a). Stool samples were collected approximately monthly through 48 months of age and quarterly thereafter, per the TEDDY protocol. Because TEDDY is a dynamic prospective cohort study with right-censored follow-up at the analytic cutoff, per-participant follow-up duration is variable. A subset of these stool samples was selected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing, yielding 12,151 metagenomes from 887 participants (mean 13.7 ± 8.7 sequenced samples per participant over follow-up) (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1). Using bioBakery 2.0 workflows (to match previously published data), we generated taxonomic and functional profiles from these metagenomes, extending previously published shotgun metagenomics8,10 by 1,238 samples. After quality control, these profiles comprised 92 species, 1,318 level-4 Enzyme Commission (EC) categories and 348 biochemical pathways (Methods and Extended Data Fig. 1). Participants were genotyped using Illumina ImmunoChip single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array16, covering around 200,000 polymorphisms relevant...

elifesciences.org

Environmental temperature is a strong driver of subspecies competition in the Drosophila microbiome

Changes in abiotic factors, such as temperature, can affect the host fitness indirectly by modulating subspecies dynamics of key taxa, which are usually overlooked in microbiome research.

www.ptinews.com

Rare leafless 'ghost flower' orchid discovered in Arunachal Pradesh

The elusive orchid, which has neither leaves nor chlorophyll and depends on soil fungi for nutrients, was found at an altitude of around 1,000