#emission

www.nature.com

Effects of marine purple bacterial fertilizer on mineralization, nitrous oxide emissions and broccoli yield

Processed biomass (PB) of R. sulfidophilum has a higher N content and lower C/N ratio compared to conventional organic materials PB derived from R. sulfidophilum contained 11.0 ± 0.27% N with a C/N ratio of 4.50 ± 0.22, far richer in N and more labile than conventional organic materials (Tables 1 and 2). In comparison with commonly used organic manures such as chicken manure and cow dung exhibits a relatively higher N content and lower C/N ratios, suggesting its suitability as a readily mineralizable N source (Table 2). The high N and low C/N of PB indicate a readily mineralizable substrate that can rapidly release available N, distinguishing it from slower-decomposing, carbon-rich residues commonly used as organic amendments. Effect of PB derived from R. sulfidophilum on soil NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N content under different temperatures and incubation periods In our previous study, we observed temperature-dependent variations in dry weights of komatsuna plants grown with higher amounts of PB (e.g., PB2 and PB4, with two and four times the rates of N application, respectively, relative to a standard inorganic fertilizer N rate) under two distinct temperature regimes: cool (15–25 °C) and warm (22–32 °C) conditions36. This pointed toward different mineralization...

truthout.org

Wildfire Smoke Now Threatens Prenatal Health More Than Harmful Human Emissions

In 1965, a presidential advisory panel issued a report warning that pervasive chemical and carbon pollution was harming environmental health and changing the climate. Five years later, President Richard Nixon signed the Clean Air Act. Since that 1970 law and its amendments were passed, combined emissions of a half dozen harmful air pollutants from vehicles and industrial sources have decreased by nearly 80 percent. But mounting evidence shows that pollution from wildfire smoke is eclipsing those air-quality gains. The unchecked burning of fossil fuels is creating warmer, drier conditions that make wildfires more intense and destructive, and blanket communities in toxic smoke that is more harmful than pollution from other sources. Now, a new study shows that smoke from wildfires is also reversing the health benefits of reducing air pollution for society’s most vulnerable population: babies in the womb. Increasing wildfire activity is “systematically offsetting prenatal air quality gains” from reducing emissions from vehicles, refineries, factories and other human sources, researchers from the University of Maryland, College Park, report in the study, published Thursday in Frontiers in Environmental Health. Low-income, rural and Indigenous populations bore the disproportionate burden of wildfire’s contribution to poor air quality, the authors found. The major...

plantbasednews.org

Global Uptake Of Plant-Rich Diets Could Help Reduce Emissions By 76%

According to a new study, global uptake of plant-rich diets within an ideal transformation scenario could reduce emissions by 76 percent. A full overhaul of the food system, including halving food waste and widespread adoption of the mostly plant-based Planetary Health Diet, could also reduce global agricultural land use by six percent by 2050, freeing up an area the size of India. Read more: Pig Farm Transformed Into ‘Thriving’ Specialty Mushroom Operation Nature published the new study in July. The research was led by Cornell University in association with the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP). The team simulated different scenarios to create ten models of the food system, which they compared to “business-as-usual projections” through to 2050. In addition to reducing emissions, they found that uptake of the EAT-Lancet Commission’s Planetary Health Diet could significantly reduce agricultural land use, and that business as usual will bring enormous social, environmental and health costs, despite the challenges of overhauling agriculture and the global food system. ‘It’s not a linear path from A to B. It won’t be nice and tidy’ The researchers also found that widespread uptake of plant-rich diets could...

www.nature.com

Vacuum birefringence and the polarized X-ray emission from a radio magnetar

Kouveliotou, C. et al. An X-ray pulsar with a superstrong magnetic field in the soft γ-ray repeater SGR1806 - 20. Nature 393, 235–237 (1998). Lai, D. & Ho, W. C. G. Polarized X-ray emission from magnetized neutron stars: signature of strong-field vacuum polarization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 071101 (2003). van Adelsberg, M. & Perna, R. Soft X-ray polarization in thermal magnetar emission. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 399, 1523–1533 (2009). Taverna, R., Turolla, R., Suleimanov, V., Potekhin, A. Y. & Zane, S. X-ray spectra and polarization from magnetar candidates. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 492, 5057–5074 (2020). Heisenberg, W. & Euler, H. Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons. Z. Phys. 98, 714–732 (1936). Schwinger, J. On gauge invariance and vacuum polarization. Phys. Rev. 82, 664–679 (1951). Duncan, R. C. & Thompson, C. Formation of very strongly magnetized neutron stars - Implications for gamma-ray bursts. Astrophys. J. Lett. 392, L9–L13 (1992). Paczynski, B. GB 790305 as a very strongly magnetized neutron star. Acta Astronaut. 42, 145–153 (1992). Kaspi, V. M. & Beloborodov, A. M. Magnetars. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 55, 261–301 (2017). Harding, A. K. & Lai, D. Physics of strongly magnetized neutron stars. Rep. Prog. Phys. 69, 2631–2708 (2006)...

news.climate.columbia.edu

Long-Term Study Suggests Landfill Methane Emissions Are Far Higher Than Estimates

Methane is an especially potent greenhouse gas, causing much more warming than carbon dioxide on a unit-for-unit basis—and a new, uniquely long-term study of emissions at a New Jersey landfill suggests that estimates of methane pollution in the U.S. and elsewhere may be dramatically off. The study, published by researchers at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, which is part of the Columbia Climate School, used continuous ground-based measurements to determine that landfill methane emissions are likely much higher than current estimates. Methane’s potency is caused by the geometric structure of its molecules, which allows them to absorb more infrared light—and thus become hotter—than does carbon dioxide (CO2). One ton of methane has the warming potential of about 28 tons of CO2; in 2022, the most recent year for which official U.S. emissions data exist, methane accounted for roughly 12 percent of the country’s greenhouse gas emissions. A similar proportion applies to global emissions. Landfills, where decomposing organic waste feeds methane-generating microbes, are responsible for an estimated 17 percent of U.S. methane emissions. The primary method used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to calculate landfill methane emissions projects emissions based on a landfill’s total waste, adjusted to account for gas captured...

greenlivingguy.com

Scope 3 Corporate Emissions: The Hidden Climate Cost

What Are Scope 3 Emissions? Your favorite electric car, reusable water bottle, streaming subscription, and grocery delivery may all have a climate story that started long before they reached you. So, what are scope 3 Corporate emissions? They are the indirect greenhouse gas emissions connected to a company’s value chain – from materials and suppliers to customer use, disposal, commuting, shipping, and investments. They are often the biggest part of a company’s real climate footprint. That makes Scope 3 a big deal for shoppers, businesses, and anyone who wants green claims to mean more than a trendy label on a package. What Are Scope 3 Emissions, Exactly? Companies generally sort their greenhouse gas emissions into three buckets under the widely used Greenhouse Gas Protocol framework. First of all, Scope 1 covers direct emissions from sources a company owns or controls, such as fuel burned in a company truck or natural gas used in a factory boiler. Now Scope 2 covers emissions from the electricity, heating, cooling, or steam a company purchases. In addition, Scope 3 covers nearly everything else connected to doing business. Think of it as the emissions that happen outside a company’s own walls but still occur because...

www.downtoearth.org.in

Strengthening peatland emissions monitoring: New FAO report updates factors, points out data gaps

A new report released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on July 31, 2026 provides a stronger scientific foundation for improving the accuracy, transparency and credibility of greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates from peatlands and organic soils, particularly in developing countries, where data on peatland emissions remain limited. The report, Peat-Emit: Supporting Developing Economies to Estimate and Report Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Organic Soils, introduced updated emission factors and identified key data gaps and methodological improvements needed to better assess emissions from peatlands. Emission factors estimate the amount of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide released per hectare of organic soil under different land-use and drainage conditions. Improved emission factors, FAO noted, will enable countries to produce more reliable greenhouse gas inventories and strengthen climate mitigation efforts. Although peatlands cover only 3-4 per cent of the Earth's land surface, they store around 30 per cent of the world's soil organic carbon — an estimated 450-650 gigatonnes and nearly twice as much carbon as the world's entire forest biomass. However, when peatlands are drained, degraded or burnt, they become major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, releasing large quantities of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide into the...

www.theguardian.com

UK plastic manufacturer could face legal action over toxic emissions

A plastic manufacturer in the north of England is facing potential legal action over emissions of benzene, a carcinogenic chemical with no safe level, the Guardian can reveal. The Environment Agency (EA) is considering taking legal action against Huntsman Polyurethanes in Teesside for a potential breach of licence, which is a criminal offence. Campaigners say it has shone a light on the toxic nature of the global plastics industry and that workers and the local community have been put at risk. Huntsman Polyurethanes, a petrochemical company that manufactures chemicals to produce plastic, sits within the sprawling Teesside chemical cluster in the seaside town of Redcar, North Yorkshire. The factory is part of Huntsman Corporation, a publicly traded global producer and marketer of chemical products which boasted revenues of $6bn in 2025. In 2023, Huntsman decommissioned a process that was reducing its benzene air emissions and replaced it with an alternative method controlled by a third party. However, EA documents show this new process “periodically paused”, with benzene consequently emitted directly to the air. The documents also show the EA was aware of this problem in 2023, but did not investigate until this year. During this time, the benzene emissions from...

www.greenqueen.com.hk

Oatly Widens Oat Milk Emissions Gap to 67% with British Dairy

Oatly’s oat milk now has a 67% lower climate impact than chilled cow’s milk in the UK, up from 55% in 2021, highlighting the company’s shifts in ingredient and energy sources. In late 2025, Swedish oat milk pioneer Oatly announced that eight of its best-selling barista milks in the UK were now made with 100% local oats, a move it said would help lower its climate footprint by 7-13%. Now, a new independent life-cycle analysis (LCA) by Mérieux NutriSciences | Blonk has proven the efficacy of the shift in raw material sourcing, alongside efficiencies in energy use and transportation. Oatly’s ambient barista oat milk was always significantly more climate-friendly than dairy, but that gap has now widened in the UK, from 58% in 2021 to 67% in 2025. It was a jump even the company didn’t see coming. “Yes, we’ve been reducing our climate footprint through improved energy efficiency in our factories, more optimised transport routes, HVO fuel and sourcing British oats. Even though we’re taking action, I knew our own reductions would not result in a nine-percentage-point increase,” Oatly’s senior sustainability director, Caroline Reid, said in a LinkedIn post. “I was surprised.” The gulf in climate impact also enlarged...

www.indiatoday.in

Oil and gas giants eye bigger profits as their emissions worsen heatwaves

The world's six biggest oil and gas companies are on track to earn a combined $45 billion during the April-June quarter, nearly double their earnings from the previous quarter, even as their historical emissions have been linked to conditions that made roughly one in four heatwaves recorded globally since 2000 possible, according to a new Oxfam analysis. The projected earnings, released by Oxfam ahead of the companies' quarterly results, come after global oil prices surged during the April-June period following the conflict involving Israel, the United States and Iran. BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Shell and TotalEnergies are expected to nearly double their combined quarterly profits from $23 billion in January-March to $45 billion, while their projected full-year profits of $147 billion would exceed what they earned over the previous seven quarters. BILLIONS IN PROFITS, A GROWING CLIMATE BILL Oxfam estimates that Chevron's profits will be more than four times higher than in the previous quarter, while ExxonMobil's earnings will more than triple. ExxonMobil is expected to have earned around $1,800 every second during the quarter. Chevron is projected to have made $1,200 every second, while Shell is estimated to have earned $1,000 every second. The non-profit organisation also estimates that...